Identifying techniques for modifying impulsive influences on eating behaviour: a systematic review

Abstract

Background: This systematic review aimed to identify and summarise the evidence base for impulse management techniques currently being used to modify eating behaviour in both laboratory and intervention studies. Methods: Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, AMED, Web of Science in September 2014 for studies published in English since 1993, evaluating an intervention or technique specifically designed to manage eating-related impulses, and reporting an eating-related outcome, such as craving, weight, or food consumption. Results: From 4623 citations identified, 94 studies were included. The range of techniques identified were categorised into post-impulse, pre- or peri-impulse, and unclear. There was evidence from RCTs, crossover, and mixed factorial studies that impulse management techniques, including inhibition training, implementation intentions, and mindfulness techniques, reduced post-treatment craving and food-intake in the short term. Evidence for maintenance of effects, and impacts on weight loss, was limited due to a lack of studies. Conclusions: This review highlights a range of techniques for supporting changes in eating behaviour through impulse management and summarises the evidence base that may inform different intervention options.