The effect of approach bias and inhibitory control training on behavioural food choice: an intervention

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have effectively reduced unhealthy eating by re-training either approach biases or inhibitory control. This study aimed to determine whether the combined effect of approach bias and inhibitory control training is more effective than either intervention alone. Method: Undergraduate women (N = 78, 18-27 years) were randomised to the conditions of a 2 (Approach bias: training, control) x 2 (Inhibitory control: training, control) experimental design. Food choice was assessed by a Behavioural Choice Task. Trait impulsivity was also measured, via self-report. Findings: Participants in the approach bias training group showed an avoidance bias for unhealthy food, while the control group showed an approach bias. This training was more effective when combined with inhibitory control training, and training effects were more pronounced for individuals high on trait impulsivity. Training effects also translated into healthy eating behaviour, with the approach bias training group making healthier food choices when presented with healthy and unhealthy foods. Discussion: Results support dual-process models of health behaviour and suggest the need for a combined intervention aimed at encouraging healthy food intake.