Does expert consensus reflect the literature? Triangulation of results from the theories and techniques project

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the agreement and differences between published reports and expert consensus on the links between behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and the hypothesised mechanisms of action (MoAs) through which they have their effects. Methods: Agreement and differences between two matrices of BCT-mechanism of action links (one based on published reports of interventions and the other based on a consensus of behaviour change experts) was analysed. These comparative findings were discussed by 12 behaviour change experts in a consensus development exercise with a particular focus on disagreements between the findings of the two matrices. Findings: Agreement and differences between hypothesised links in the literature compared to those rated through expert consensus, are presented in an integrated matrix of BCT - mechanism of action links in the form of a heat map. Both matrices identified links between Verbal Persuasion about Capability (BCT) and Beliefs about Capabilities (mechanism of action). Overall, a larger number of BCTs were linked to Beliefs about Capabilities in the literature, than were agreed by experts. Discussion: The development of an integrated matrix of BCT-mechanism of action links, informed by both literature reports and expert consensus, contributes methodological resources for behaviour change intervention researchers and theorists. These results may be useful in selecting BCTs for a theory-based intervention. This work is an important step towards the development of an ‘ontology’ of behaviour change, specifying relationships between BCTs, MoAs, modes of delivery, population, setting and type of behaviour.