Temporal self-regulation theory: some methodological Issues

Abstract

Background: Temporal Self-Regulation Theory (TST; Hall & Fong, 2007) is a recent model of behaviour incorporating several findings of previous literature. Based on intention–behaviour link, the other predictors of behaviour are Behavioural Prepotency (frequency of past behaviour and/or presence of cues to action) and Self-regulatory Capacity (executive functions, energy level). The predictors of intention are Connectedness Beliefs and Temporal Valuations: the perceived temporal proximity of the positive and negative consequences of the behaviour. The model also assumes that ambient temporal contingencies affect behaviour performance. This model was employed in a sample of cardiac rehabilitation patients to predict exercise, relaxation and smoking cessation behaviours. During the operationalization of the model, several methodological difficulties were encountered; the aim of this presentation is to discuss these issues. Methods: Design: longitudinal; 6 months follow-up. Participants: cardiac rehabilitation inpatients with acute ischemic heart disease. N=302, 278 (75%) males, mean age 55.61 ys (SD=7.31). Time 2 response rate: 60%. Measures: self-report questionnaires about the variables of TST. Findings: The main difficulties in the operationalization of the model: (1) measuring frequency of past behaviour and cues to action, and to calculate Behavioural Prepotency from these variables; (2) measuring executive functions and energy level, and to calculate Self-regulatory Capacity from these variables; (3) measuring and calculating Temporal Valuations; (4) defining the role of Ambient Temporal Contingencies. Discussion: TST is a promising model, but several methodological issues need to be clarified.