Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction on depression, anxiety and stress in people with Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

Background: Psychological interventions to help with non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease (PD), such as depression, anxiety, stress, or difficulty coping with PD can significantly affect quality of life, disability and activities of daily living. This study aimed to evaluate whether MBSR could be of benefit in this regard. Methods: A mixed methods design was used. Of 13 participants recruited, 6 completed the full 8 week MBSR course. Data was collected at baseline, 8 weeks and 16 weeks. A follow-up questionnaire which included qualitative questions was used as well as validated questionnaires (Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, DASS-21; Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire 39, PDQ39; Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, MAAS). Minor adaptations were made to the MBSR course to meet the specific needs of patients with Parkinson’s. Findings: The DASS-21 showed improvements at weeks 8 and 16. PDQ39 results varied across domains, showing a mix of improvements, no change, and slight worsening of symptoms. Mean scores from the MAAS decreased slightly then increased again at week 16 (higher scores indicate increased mindful awareness). All participants reported they would recommend MBSR to other people with Parkinson’s. The high drop-out rate was consistent with other mindfulness studies and withdrawal reasons included scheduling conflicts and unexpected ill health. Discussion: This study supports previous findings that mindfulness-based interventions could benefit people with Parkinson’s experiencing non-motor symptoms, and the intervention is acceptable to patients. Further research using larger sample sizes with a longer follow-up period is required.