Strategies and factors of successful weight loss: a pluralistic qualitative research

Abstract

Background: The successful weight loss (SWL) process is a complex one, involving different stages and efficacious strategies. Therefore, this exploratory research aims to explore the perceived strategies and factors associated to the 1) initiation and 2) maintenance of a SWL. Method: This study comprises a community and clinical sample of thirty men and women, who have made a SWL (loss of a minimum of 7% of initial weight and maintained for at least 12 months). The participants were interviewed and the content of the transcribed interviews analyzed through a pluralistic qualitative approach, i.e. using both content and thematic analysis (done by a jury of two psychologists). All subcategories mentioned by at least 10% of the participants were subjected to multiple correspondence analysis. Findings: In total, 215 subcategories emerged. Both initial and maintenance phase of SWL were better explained by four-factor models. Initial phase of weight loss was defined by 1) adherence, 2) self-monitoring, 3) autonomy, and 4) self-image. Maintenance was defined by 1) habits formation, 2) motivation, 3) stabilization and 4) attainment. Discussion: The design of the study (cross-sectional) limits the conclusions being drawn. However, the use of in-depth interviews, focusing successful cases of weight loss, and having a balanced sample of men and women will allow this study to make a meaningful contribution. The exploratory nature of the research also allowed the emergence of multiple constructs in the two phases (beginning of the weight loss and maintenance), framed by several theoretical models of cognitive-behavioural change.