State of the art and setting priorities for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder(s) prevention and management

Abstract

Background: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) is an umbrella term for one of the leading preventable forms of mental retardation affecting individuals and societies worldwide. Alcohol and its interference with the development of the fetus and child are complex and highly variable. The aim of this study is to assess the current state of the art and setting priorities for FASD prevention and management. Methods: We began by conducting several scoping reviews in multiple databases up to January 2017, including PubMed, PsychINFO, PsychARTICLES, ERIC, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, HeinOnline, Web of Science, EconLit, and gray literature (e.g., international FASD guidelines). This was followed by various focus group sessions including (inter)national stakeholders (e.g., professionals within preconception healthcare, government, behavioral science, law and ethics, social economics, youth healthcare, parents of persons with FASD, European Alcohol Policy Alliance). Important topics and knowledge questions were captured and rated for their importance and changeability. The process was based on an iterative path from problem identification to clear recommendations and resulted in a comprehensive report of the current state of art (knowledge synthesis). Findings: The findings resulted in the identification of 18 important topics and knowledge questions for FASD prevention, management, and care (e.g., FASD etiology, maternity care, stigma, legal and ethical issues, intervention). Results showed that priority is given for a dual-track policy including short-term (consensus and action is needed directed at prevention) and long-term (evidence-based preventive messages and training programs) research and development activities. Discussion: Priorities and action for FASD prevention and management are discussed.